Chyluria and chylothorax after posterior selective fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Purpose To describe and discuss the diagnostic and treatment complexity of lymphatic system complications after scoliosis surgery. Methods Surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is very commonly performed with posterior pedicle screw instrumentation. Complications of the anteriorly based lymphatic system are, therefore, rare. We present a case with complications related to the lymphatic system, which have not been reported before after this type of surgery. Results After standard Th3 to Th12 posterior spinal reduction and fusion of a moderate thoracic curve, chyluria and a chylothorax developed in an adolescent girl. This appeared to be caused by an obstruction of the thoracic duct. Thorax drainage and finally thoracoscopic intervention prevented further pulmonal impairment. The exact cause could not be identified and the persistent lymph drainage problems had to be treated with a medium chain triglyceride diet. Conclusion With this report, we aim to create awareness of the lymphatic system in general and the possibility of severe complications, even after a posterior only approach of the vertebral column.