Notched K-wire for low thermal damage bone drilling

Highlights • A new K-wire designed with three notches along the three-plane trocar tip was fabricated using a thin micro-saw tool. • The experimental setup was built to measure temperature, thrust force, and torque during the notched K-wire bone drilling. • K-wires with notches 1 mm deep can effectively reduce the thrust force and torque by 30%, reduced peak temperatures by 43%.