A novel approach to study in situ enamel erosion and abrasion lesions

Abstract Objectives This study investigated previous hypotheses that the tongue can abrade acid softened/eroded enamel surfaces. Methods Twelve upper removable appliances each retaining 2 anterior and 2 posterior human enamel specimens were constructed. Each specimen was exposed to acid on both surfaces, but only one surface was allowed contact with the tongue. Therefore, 96 surfaces were assessed. Appliances were worn from 9.30 to 17.00 Monday to Friday for 22 days. Acid eroded lesions were created by immersing the specimens for 5 min in 50 ml orange juice three times daily. Enamel loss was measured using Quantitative light- induced fluorescence (QLF) and Non- contact profilometry (NCLP) and the differences (D) between tongue (Dt ) and palate facing (DP ) surfaces determined. Results %ΔFD(t-p) from the two anterior specimens were greater than from those placed posteriorly with mean values of 15.9% (±9.1) and 14.4% (±8.4), 5.6% (±8.7) and 4.5% (±6.6) respectively. Similarly, NCLP data showed anterior specimens had greater differences for mean step height (MSH) between tongue - facing and the palate - facing (control) surfaces than posterior specimens. MSHD(t-p) values were 59.4 μm (±30.3) for anterior tongue facing surfaces and 55.5 μm (±29.4) for posterior palate facing surfaces. For the posterior specimens MSH was 48.1 μm (±26.1) and 51.7 μm (±30.4) respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion The greater enamel surface loss of the anterior specimens demonstrates that abrasion by the tongue on acid softened/eroded enamel in situ is likely.