Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background and Aims Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has recently been shown to be a promising therapy for recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) despite lack of protocol standardization. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) present a particular challenge to CDI therapy as they are reported to have worse clinical outcomes, including higher colectomy rates and increased mortality. We aimed to assess the outcomes of FMT for recurrent CDI in patients with IBD at our healthcare system. Methods We constructed a retrospective cohort of all patients who underwent FMT at our healthcare system between December 2012 and May 2014. Patients with concurrent IBD were identified. We evaluated the differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, along with the outcomes to FMT between patients with IBD as compared to the general population. Results Over the study period, 201 patients underwent FMT of which 20 patients had concurrent IBD. Patients with IBD were younger but did not differ from the general population in terms of CDI risk factors or disease severity. The response to FMT and rate of CDI relapse in the IBD group were not statistically different compared to the rest of the cohort. The overall response rate in the IBD population was 75% at 12 weeks. Of the patients who failed FMT 4 of 5 patients had active or untreated IBD. Conclusion Fecal microbiota transplantation provides a good alternative treatment option with high success rates for recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection in patients with well-controlled IBD who fail standard antimicrobial therapy.