Influenza-Associated Aspergillosis in Critically Ill Patients

Influenza cases were identified both by reviewing all patients with a positive influenza polymerase chain reaction in the registry of the local microbiology department and matching these with ICU admission, and via using national ICU registrations of viral pneumonia and oseltamivir treatment to identify patients diagnosed with influenza or treated for influenza at a referring hospital. Furthermore, new infiltrates on the chest X-ray or computed tomography scan had to be present, as well as clinical symptoms including refractory fever or worsening of respiratory insufficiency despite more than 3 days of antibiotic therapy, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and/or pleural friction rub. De Pauw B, Walsh TJ, Donnelly JP, Stevens DA, Edwards JE, Calandra T, Pappas PG, Maertens J, Lortholary O, Kauffman CA, et al.; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group. Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group.