d-Tagatose production by permeabilized and immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum using whey permeate

[Display omitted] •Whey permeate is a compatible source for two-step d-Tagatose production.•Utilization of whey lactose for production of d-tagatose is proposed.•β-Galactosidase is used to hydrolyze lactose for d-galactose production.•Permeabilized and immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum is used as catalyst. The aim of the work is to produce d-Tagatose by direct addition of alginate immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum cells to lactose hydrolysed whey permeate. The cells were untreated and immobilized (UIC), permeabilized and immobilized (PIC) and the relative activities were compared with purified l-arabinose isomerase (l-AI) for d-galactose isomerization. Successive lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli and d-galactose isomerization using l-AI from Lactobacillus plantarum was performed to investigate the in vivo production of d-tagatose in whey permeate. In whey permeate, maximum conversion of 38% and 33% (w/w) d-galactose isomerization by PIC and UIC has been obtained. 162mg/g and 141mg/g of d-tagatose production was recorded in a 48h reaction time at 50°C, pH 7.0 with 5mM Mn2+ ion concentration in the initial substrate mixture.