Human exposure to HBCD and TBBPA via indoor dust in Korea: Estimation of external exposure and body burden

•High concentrations of TBBPA were found in indoor dust in Korea.•Food is the main contributor in ΣHBCD daily intake for Korean adults.•The estimated ΣHBCD body burden of Korean toddlers was 7.91ngg−1 lw. [Display omitted] Human exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) mainly occurs through diet and dust ingestion. In this study, the BFR concentrations in 124 vacuum dust samples of six categories of indoor environments (homes, offices, kindergartens, cars, schools, and public indoor environments) and 32 surface dust samples were investigated. The median ΣHBCD concentrations ranged from 106.30ngg−1 in home dust to 496.13ngg−1 in office dust. The TBBPA concentrations in indoor dust (from 78.87 to 463.81ngg−1) were among the highest compared to other countries because of the high market demand for this flame retardant in Korea. The TBBPA concentrations in surface dust of living rooms were significantly higher (p