Liver-Directed Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Overview of Techniques, Outcomes, and Posttreatment Imaging Findings

The purposes of this article are to describe the indications, techniques, and results of arterially directed therapies and ablation and to review the imaging assessment of response and complications. Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are not eligible for surgery, and systemic treatments are suboptimal. Therefore, locoregional therapy plays a large role in this disease. Locoregional therapies include arterially directed therapies, ablation, and radiation therapy.