Using Swarm Models as an Exact Representation of Ionized Gases

In this review, several examples of ionized gases are presented where swarm models may be employed to provide full description. Those situations include low space charge pre‐breakdown, Townsend region breakdown where space charge effects may be calculated from the swarm model and used as the first order perturbation to describe oscillations and transient signal and afterglows. In addition, implications are considered for microdischarges, discharges in and close to liquids, gas‐filled particle traps, thermalization of particles in living tissue, and many more. In all those situations, swarm models provide full description of the discharge, while for most other collision dominated non‐equilibrium plasmas swarm physics (transport‐related phenomena) provides a part of the foundation of modeling. A review of application of swarm methods to examples of ionized gases is presented, in situations where swarm models provide full description of the phenomena. Such situations include low space charge pre‐breakdown, Townsend region breakdown and afterglow. Additionally, implications are considered for microdischarges, discharges in and close to liquids, gas‐filled particle traps, thermalization of particles in living tissue and more.