Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles using Pouteria sapota in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Background Medicinal plants and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have proven to be good sources of agents effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The present study focused on the green synthesis of AgNPs from the aqueous leaf extract of Pouteria sapota in order to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic properties of this extract and the synthesized AgNPs. Methods The AgNPs were biologically synthesized under ambient conditions from an aqueous leaf extract of P. sapota using the hot percolation method and were characterized using spectroscopic methods, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro antidiabetic activity of the aqueous leaf extract and AgNPs was confirmed by non‐enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin, glucose uptake by yeast cells following exposure of cells to 5 or 10 mmol/L glucose solution, and inhibition of α‐amylase. Further, in vivo antidiabetic activity was assessed in streptozotocin‐induced rats. Rats were treated with aqueous leaf extract (100 mg/kg) or AgNPs (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Following treatment, rats were killed for biochemical and histopathological analysis of kidney and liver samples. Results A significant reduction in blood sugar levels was noted in rats treated with leaf extract or AgNPs. Results of in vitro and in vivo analyses in rats treated with leaf extract or AgNPs show that both the extract and the biologically synthesized AgNPs have antidiabetic activity. Conclusion The aqueous leaf extract of P. sapota and AgNPs exhibited efficient antidiabetic activity in the rat model of diabetes and therefore could have potential for development for medical applications in the future. 摘要 背景 药用植物以及绿色合成的银纳米颗粒(silver nanoparticles, AgNPs)目前都已被证实是有效治疗糖尿病的药物来源。当前这项研究聚焦于来源于山榄果水叶提取物的绿色合成(生物合成)的AgNPs, 评估提取物与合成的AgNPs在体外以及体内的降糖活性。 方法 使用热渗透法在生物环境条件下从山榄果水叶提取物中合成AgNPs, 以光谱法、X射线衍射以及扫描电子显微镜描述其特征。以非酶糖化血红蛋白的变化确认水叶提取物与AgNPs的体外降糖活性, 将酵母细胞暴露在5或者10 mmol/L的葡萄糖溶液中并加入α‐淀粉酶抑制剂, 测定细胞所摄取的葡萄糖。进一步在链脲霉素‐诱导的糖尿病大鼠中评估体内降糖活性。大鼠使用水叶提取物(100 mg/kg)或AgNPs(10 mg/kg)共治疗28天。治疗结束后, 处死大鼠进行肾脏与肝脏样本的生化以及组织病理学分析。 结果 大鼠使用水叶提取物或者AgNPs治疗后血糖水平均显著下降。接受叶提取物或者AgNPs治疗大鼠的体外以及体内分析结果表明, 提取物与生物合成的AgNPs都具有降糖活性。 结论 在糖尿病大鼠模型中山榄果水叶提取物与AgNPs都表现出了有效的降糖活性, 将来可能具有药用的发展潜力。 Highlights The aqueous leaf extract of P. sapota and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles play an important role in regulating glucose metabolism. Determining the role of P. sapota leaf extract in regulating glucose metabolism will provide new insights into