The addition of renal sympathetic denervation to pulmonary vein isolation reduces recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease patients

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD). AF treatment is challenging and requires complete pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Recently, renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) has been reported to reduce AF recurrence when performed alongside PVI. Methods A prospective therapeutic study of patients with controlled hypertension and paroxysmal AF was undertaken. Renal function was evaluated using estimated glomerular filtration rate. Outcomes for patients with normal renal function who underwent PVI ( n = 101) were compared with those for CKD patients who underwent either PVI alone ( n = 96) or PVI + RSD ( n = 39). The primary endpoint was recurrence of AF recorded by 24-h Holter monitoring. Results During the 22.4 ± 12.1 months following intervention, the incidence of AF recurrence was higher in CKD patients treated with PVI alone (61.5 %) than in CKD patients treated with PVI + RSD (38.5 %; HR 1.86, 95 % CI 1.14–3.03, P = 0.0251) or patients without CKD subjected to PVI (35.6 %; hazard ratio (HR) 2.27, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.51–3.42, P