Neonicotinoids and bees: The case of the European regulatory risk assessment

Neonicotinoid insecticides are systemic pesticides authorised in Europe since 1991. From their introduction on the market, they have received significant attention from the scientific community, particularly regarding the assessment of lethal and sublethal effects on bees. The availability of scientific evidence alongside some concerns raised on the bee health led to the development of more articulate risk assessment methodologies for pesticides. To support the European Commission in its decision-making process, since 2012 EFSA has been requested to evaluate the risk to bees posed by the exposure to neonicotinoids. The outcome of the EFSA evaluations has been used by risk managers to revise the approval conditions of the substances clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and to impose severe restrictions on their use. Meanwhile, a number of new studies have been carried out. EFSA is evaluating these data in order to further support the decision-making process with updated scientific assessments. [Display omitted] •EFSA has been revised the risk assessments to bees of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin.•The revision was triggered by new scientific evidence and new risk assessment methodologies.•EFSA identified risks to bees which led to restrictions on the use of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin.•A new review of the risk assessment is on-going based on more recent data and larger dataset.