Evaluation and comparison of a set of oxidative and antioxidative biomarkers in cystinuric patients with age- and sex-matched healthy subjects

The present study evaluates and compares the serum biomarkers of oxidative stress—superoxide dismutase (SOD), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reductase (GR), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), in a case-control design study of 30 diagnosed patients with cystine stone and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy control group. The levels of SOD were significantly lower in patients (14.47 ± 15.13 ng/mL) when compared with control group (26.18 ± 15.34 ng/mL), p value 0.003. Similarly, the levels of iNOS were significantly lower in patients when compared with the control group (20.42 ± 33.41 pg/mL) whereas in the control group, it was 55.13 ± 60.96 pg/mL, p value 0.005. Results showed that the levels of MDA were significantly higher in the patient group (0.08 ± 0.01 ng/mL) as compared to control group (0.07 ± 0.01 ng/mL), p value 0.02. Significant differences were observed in basophil counts between patient group and control group (0.37 ± 0.14%) in patients while 0.52 ± 0.22% in the control group, p value 0.002. When the relationship between gender and oxidative stress biomarker levels was statistically analyzed, there were some differences in both groups between males and females. Similarly, there were some differences between the different age groups in which both GR and MDA had a tendency to decrease with increasing age.