The Lichen genus Ramalina Ach. (Ramalinaceae) on the Outlying Islands of the New Zealand geographic area

The diversity of species of Ramalina occurring on the outlying islands of the New Zealand geographic area is linked to their methods of dispersal and the origin and principal climatic features of the islands themselves. It appears that species of Ramalina have reached these islands by transoceanic, wind-borne dispersal of ascospores and soredia, not necessarily in the direction of the prevailing winds. Species have become established on the islands only if both climatic and habitat requirements have been met.