A systematic comparison of the closed shoulder reduction techniques

Purpose To identify the optimal technique for closed reduction for shoulder instability, based on success rates, reduction time, complication risks, and pain level. Methods A PubMed and EMBASE query was performed, screening all relevant literature of closed reduction techniques mentioning the success rate written in English, Dutch, German, and Arabic. Studies with a fracture dislocation or lacking information on success rates for closed reduction techniques were excluded. We used the modified Coleman Methodology Score (CMS) to assess the quality of included studies and excluded studies with a poor methodological quality (CMS