Pulmonologist‐performed transoesophageal sampling for lung cancer staging using an endobronchial ultrasound video‐bronchoscope: an Australian experience

Background Transoesophageal endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) video‐bronchoscope insertion provides pulmonologists access to conduct endoscopic fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐B‐FNA) of mediastinal lymph node (LN) lesions and also assist in lung cancer staging by sampling left adrenal gland (LAG) lesions. Limited literature has described additional diagnostic value whilst maintaining patient safety. To elicit whether combining endoscopic transoesophageal fine‐needle aspiration using convex probe bronchoscope (EUS‐B‐FNA) and EBUS bronchoscopy enhances the diagnostic yield of mediastinal nodal staging in lung cancer, whilst maintaining safety. Methods All eligible patients with paraoesophageal lesions on thoracic computed tomography (CT) underwent pulmonologist‐performed EUS‐B‐FNA at two tertiary centres and were included in this prospective observational cohort study. Results EUS‐B‐FNA sampling was performed at 69 mediastinal LN lesion sites, including 17 sites inaccessible to bronchoscopic sampling. Four LAG lesions were sampled via EUS‐B‐FNA. There were no complications. EBUS‐TBNA was augmented by EUS‐B‐FNA because of accessibility of sampling lesions otherwise unamenable bronchoscopically, thereby increasing diagnostic utility. Diagnostic sensitivity of EUS‐B‐FNA for malignancy in mediastinal LN lesions was 88% (51 of 58). For mediastinal LN lesions not amenable to EBUS‐TBNA, the sensitivity for diagnosis of malignancy via EUS‐B‐FNA was 88% (15 of 17). Diagnostic sensitivity of EUS‐B‐FNA for malignancy in LAG lesions was 50% (2 of 4). Conclusion EUS‐B‐FNA is a precise and safe approach in the evaluation and staging of lung cancer when performed by a pulmonologist. It complements and increases the diagnostic utility of EBUS‐TBNA by further coverage of mediastinal LN stations and access to LAG lesions.