Application of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for pemphigus

Background Pemphigus is a rare and fatal autoimmune disease for which the treatment options are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (APHSCT) for pemphigus. Methods We conducted APHSCT for 12 pemphigus patients (seven males and five females, mean age 23.8 years) with life‐threatening complications or who responded poorly to conventional therapy. Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized with cyclophosphamide, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, and rituximab, and purified autologous CD34+ stem cells were infused. Overall survival rate, progression‐free survival, and adverse events were recorded. Results With a mean follow‐up period of 80.3 months, overall survival and complete clinical remission rates were 92% (11/12) and 75% (9/12), respectively. Adverse effects included pyrexia, allergy, infection, and elevation of enzymes. Only one patient died of severe sepsis and multiple organ failure 2 months after APHSCT. Conclusion Overall APHSCT is a promising therapeutic option for pemphigus.