Intra- and Extracellular Biosynthesis and Characterization of Iron Nanoparticles from Prokaryotic Microorganisms with Anticoagulant Activity

Background The use of microorganisms for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is relatively new in basic research and technology areas. Purpose This work was conducted to optimized the biosynthesis of iron NPs intra- and extracellular by Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to evaluate their anticoagulant activity. Study Design/Methods The structures and properties of the iron NPs were investigated by Ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Zeta potential, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM)/ Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Anticoagulant activity was determined by conducting trials of Thrombin Time (TT), Activated Partial Prothrombin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). Results UV-vis spectrum of the aqueous medium containing iron NPs showed a peak at 275 nm. The forming of iron NPs was confirmed by FESEM/ EDX, and TEM. The morphology was spherical shapes mostly with low polydispersity and the average particle diameter was 23 ± 1 nm. Iron NPs showed anticoagulant activity by the activation of extrinsic pathway. Conclusion The eco-friendly process of biosynthesis of iron NPs employing prokaryotic microorganisms presents a good anticoagulant activity. This could be explored as promising candidates for a variety of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.