The emerging role of transcranial magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound in functional neurosurgery

ABSTRACT To review the emerging role of transcranial MR‐guided focused ultrasound as a treatment and research modality for functional neurological disorders, we summarize recent clinical and preclinical studies. Clinical trials have investigated the safety and efficacy of thermal lesions created by transcranial, high‐intensity focused ultrasound. Preclinical work has additionally investigated the ability to disrupt the blood–brain barrier and to produce reversible neuromodulation with focused ultrasound utilizing lower intensities. We discuss ongoing trials and future avenues of investigation. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society