Overlap between irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia including subtype analyses

Background and Aim Coexistent gastrointestinal symptom profiles and prevalence or associated factors for the overlap between each functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) group remain unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinicodemographic features of FD, IBS, and IBS‐FD overlap and assess the risk factors thereof, including subtype and genetic polymorphisms for IBS‐FD. Methods Consecutive patients were enrolled from the outpatient Gastroenterology clinics of Bundang Seoul National University Hospitals in Korea. All gastrointestinal symptoms occurring at least once per week in the previous 3 months were recorded. Diagnostic criteria of functional gastrointestinal disorders were based on the Rome III criteria. Risk factors including genetic polymorphisms of 5‐HTTLPR and ADRA2A 1291 G alleles and CCK‐1R intron 779T>C were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results A total of 632 subjects (278 control subjects, 308 FD, 156 IBS, and 110 who met the criteria for both FD and IBS) were included in this study. Patients with IBS‐FD overlap had more severe symptoms (such as bloating, nausea, vomiting, hard or lumpy stools, defecation straining, and a feeling of incomplete bowel movement) and higher depression scores compared with non‐overlap patients. Single/divorced or widowed marital status, nausea, bloating, and a feeling of incomplete emptying after bowel movements were independent risk factors for IBS‐FD overlap among IBS patients. In contrast, young age, depression, bloating, and postprandial distress syndrome were positively associated with IBS‐FD overlap among FD patients. 5‐HTTLPR L/L was a risk factor for the co‐occurrence of IBS‐C among FD patients (OR: 12.47; 95% CI: 2.00–77.75; P = 0.007). Conclusions Bloating was a risk factor for IBS‐FD overlap. Patients with postprandial distress syndrome have a higher risk of coexisting IBS, particularly constipation‐dominant IBS.