The Role of Acid Suppression in Barrett’s Esophagus

Abstract Background and Aims In recent years, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have come under great scrutiny due to possible adverse long term side effects. At the same time, Barrett’s esophagus a pre-malignant condition in the esophagus, continues to be a disease whose course is thought to be improved by the use of PPIs. Methods We review the impact of proton pump therapy on the esophagus and on Barrett’smucosa. In analyzing changes on a cellular level, we explore the effect of mixed gastric refluxate and the complex cascade that ensues with esophageal exposure of these contents. Because the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is on the rise, we explore other factors that may contribute to progression of Barrett’s from non-dysplastic mucosa to eventually, esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conclusions By revisiting the need for adequate acid suppression in Barrett’s and increasing our understanding of other possible factors that may have an effect of Barrett’s progression; we hope to support our multifaceted approach to acid suppression in patients with Barrett’s esophagus.