Circulation in the Eastern Bering Sea: Inferences from a 2-km-resolution model

A 2-km-resolution model of the eastern Bering Sea is developed to capture dynamical processes on the scale of the Rossby radius of deformation on tidal to seasonal time scales. The model spans the region from 178°E to the Alaskan coast and from roughly 50° to 66°N, including the Aleutian Islands in the south and the Bering Strait in the north. The high resolution throughout ensures that the mesoscale dynamics of significant subregions of the domain, such as the Aleutian Island passes, Bering Sea slope, and the shelf canyons, are captured simultaneously without the concern for loss of interconnectivity between regions. Simulations are performed for the ice-free season (June–October) of 2009, with tidal and atmospheric forcing. The model compares favorably with observations from AVHRR and Envisat satellites, Argo drifters, and Bering Sea shelf moorings. The mesoscale dynamics of the mixing and exchange flow through the eastern Aleutian Island passes, which exhibit strong diurnal and two-week variability, are well represented. The two-week oscillation in volume flux through the largest of these passes, Amukta Pass, is found to be out of phase with the transport through the neighboring passes (e.g., Seguam and Samalga passes). Mesoscale structure is also found to be ubiquitous along the mixing front of the cold pool. Structures at the scale of O(20km) persist and play a role in determining the pattern of erosion of the water mass as the shelf warms and mixes. On the Bering Sea shelf, tidal motions are dominant, and variability on the horizontal scale of the first-mode internal tide develops (O(30km)) from the shelf break to the onshore edge of the Bering shelf cold pool.