Identification of Bartonella Species Isolated from Rodents from Yucatan, Mexico, and Isolation of Bartonella vinsonii subsp. yucatanensis subsp. nov

Bartonella species are highly endemic among wild rodents in many parts of the world. Blood and/or blood clot cultures from 38 rodents, including 27 Yucatan deer mouse ( Peromyscus yucatanicus ), 7 Gaumer's spiny pocket mouse ( Heteromys gaumeri ), 2 black rats ( Rattus rattus ) and 2 big-eared climbing rats ( Ototylomys phyllotis ) captured near Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, led to the isolation in 3–4 days of small gram-negative bacilli, which were identified as Bartonella spp. based on colony morphology. DNA extraction and PCR testing were also performed from heart samples of 35 of these 38 rodents. Overall, Bartonella spp. were isolated from the blood/blood clots of 22 (58%) rodents. All Bartonella -positive rodents were Yucatán deer mice from San José Pituch. Sequencing of a fragment of the glt A gene showed that all but one rodent isolates were closest to B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii and one isolate was intermediate between B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and B. vinsonii subsp. arupensis . Further analysis of concatenated housekeeping genes ( glt A, fts Z, rpo B, and 16S rRNA) suggests that this outlier isolate is a new subspecies within the B. vinsonii genogroup, for which we proposed the name B. vinsonii subsp. yucatanensis .