The impact of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve in patients with unilateral and bilateral endometrioma

Objective To evaluate the effects of laparoscopic cystectomy on serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) level as a marker of ovarian reserve in patients with endometrioma. Methods A prospective observational study enrolled patients aged younger than 40 years who were referred to a tertiary center in Tehran, Iran, between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014 to undergo laparoscopic cystectomy for ovarian endometriomas at least 30 mm in diameter, or regardless of size for patients with infertility, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, or dyschezia. Baseline and 6‐month post‐operative AMH levels were compared. Results Data from 70 patients were included in the analyses. Among patients with unilateral endometriomas, lower pre‐operative AMH levels were observed in patients with endometriomas at least 50 mm in diameter (P=0.027), whereas cyst size was not associated with differences in pre‐operative AMH level in patients with bilateral endometriomas (P=0.227). Across the entire study population, post‐operative AMH levels were lower than the baseline (P=0.008). Greater post‐operative decreases in AMH were associated with bilateral cysts compared with unilateral cysts (P=0.046), cysts being at least 50 mm in diameter among patients with unilateral cysts (P=0.028), and both cysts being at least 50 mm in diameter among patients with bilateral cysts (P=0.025). Conclusion Laparoscopic cystectomy was associated with post‐operative decreases in serum AMH, particularly with bilateral involvement and endometriomas at least 50 mm in diameter. Serum AMH levels, as a marker of ovarian reserve, were measured before laparoscopic cystectomy and 6 months post‐operatively. Lower AMH levels were observed post‐operatively.