The path of a click stimulus from ear canal to umbo

The tympanic membrane (TM) has a key role in transmitting sounds to the inner ear, but a concise description of how the TM performs this function remains elusive. This paper probes TM operation by applying a free field click stimulus to the gerbil ear and exploring the consequent motions of the TM a...

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Veröffentlicht in:Hearing research 2017-03, Vol.346, p.1-13
Hauptverfasser: Milazzo, Mario, Fallah, Elika, Carapezza, Michael, Kumar, Nina S., Lei, Jason H., Olson, Elizabeth S.
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container_start_page 1
container_title Hearing research
container_volume 346
creator Milazzo, Mario
Fallah, Elika
Carapezza, Michael
Kumar, Nina S.
Lei, Jason H.
Olson, Elizabeth S.
description The tympanic membrane (TM) has a key role in transmitting sounds to the inner ear, but a concise description of how the TM performs this function remains elusive. This paper probes TM operation by applying a free field click stimulus to the gerbil ear and exploring the consequent motions of the TM and umbo. Motions of the TM were measured both on radial tracks starting close to the umbo and on a grid distal and adjacent to the umbo. The experimental results confirmed the high fidelity of sound transmission from the ear canal to the umbo. A delay of 5–15 μs was seen in the onset of TM motion between points just adjacent to the umbo and mid-radial points. The TM responded with a ringing motion, with different locations possessing different primary ringing frequencies. A simple analytic model from the literature, treating the TM as a string, was used to explore the experimental results. The click-based experiments and analysis led to the following description of TM operation: A transient sound pressure on the TM causes a transient initial TM motion that is maximal ∼ at the TM's radial midpoints. Mechanical forces generated by this initial prominent TM distortion then pull the umbo inward, leading to a delayed umbo response. The initial TM deformation also gives rise to prolonged mechanical ringing on the TM that does not result in significant umbo motion, likely due to destructive interference from the range of ringing frequencies. Thus, the umbo's response is a high-fidelity representation of the transient stimulus. Because any sound can be considered as a consecutive series of clicks, this description is applicable to any sound stimulus. •Upon a transient stimulus the TM responds with prolonged ringing, with different locations moving with different frequencies.•The umbo's motion response is a delayed, high-fidelity representation of a transient stimulus.•There is a ∼5–15 micro second delay between the onset of the motion of the TM near the umbo and points mid-radial.•A mechanical traveling wave, moving from the regions of initial large response on the TM, provides umbo forcing.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.heares.2017.01.007
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Mechanical forces generated by this initial prominent TM distortion then pull the umbo inward, leading to a delayed umbo response. The initial TM deformation also gives rise to prolonged mechanical ringing on the TM that does not result in significant umbo motion, likely due to destructive interference from the range of ringing frequencies. Thus, the umbo's response is a high-fidelity representation of the transient stimulus. 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Mechanical forces generated by this initial prominent TM distortion then pull the umbo inward, leading to a delayed umbo response. The initial TM deformation also gives rise to prolonged mechanical ringing on the TM that does not result in significant umbo motion, likely due to destructive interference from the range of ringing frequencies. Thus, the umbo's response is a high-fidelity representation of the transient stimulus. 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subjects Acoustic Stimulation
Animals
Biomechanical Phenomena
Ear Canal - physiology
Gerbillinae
Models, Biological
Motion
Pressure
Tympanic Membrane - physiology
title The path of a click stimulus from ear canal to umbo
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