Electromagnetic Interference in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Is the Use of Smartphones Safe?

Smartphones have largely replaced conventional mobile phones, and new mobile standards have become widespread, for example, Long-Term Evolution (LTE) versus Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). [...]we sought to determine the incidence and consequences of mobile phone–produced electromagnetic interference (EMI) on the current generation of implantable cardiac devices. Nonetheless, the rapid evolution of implantable cardiac device and mobile phone technology obliges us to be aware that such safety recommendations require continual re-evaluation.