Pomegranate extract alleviates disease activity and some blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients

Background/Objectives: Since the main characteristics of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) are joint dysfunction caused by inflammation and serious pain, anti-inflammatory agents may alleviate the clinical symptoms in RA. Pomegranate juice is rich in polyphenolic compounds that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to determine the beneficial effects of pomegranate extract (POMx) in RA patients. Subjects/Methods: A total of 55 RA patients were enrolled and randomly allocated to an intervention group ( n =30) or a control group ( n =25). The intervention group received 2 capsules of 250 mg POMx and the control group 2 capsules of 250 mg cellulose per day for 8 weeks. At the beginning of the study and after 8 weeks, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28 were completed and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinases 3 (MMP3), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were analyzed using standard methods and compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with the placebo group, POMx supplement significantly reduced the score of DAS28 ( P< 0.001) which could be related to the decrease in swollen ( P< 0.001) and tender joints ( P =0.001) count, pain intensity ( P =0.003) and ESR levels ( P = 0.03). POMx consumption also decreased HAQ score ( P =0.007) and morning stiffness ( P =0.04) and increased GPx concentrations ( P< 0.001). There were no differences in the change in mean MMP3, CRP and MDA levels between two groups. Conclusions: POMx alleviates disease activity and improves some blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in RA patients.