Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Trapped Atomic Hydrogen

We report observation of the 1{ital S}-2{ital S} two-photon transition in hydrogen confined in a magnetic trap at submillikelvin temperatures. The excitation spectrum can display a sharp central feature arising from periodic motion of the trapped atoms. The metastable 2{ital S} atoms remain trapped, and have a lifetime close to the natural lifetime of 122ms. These developments open the way to achieving the transition{close_quote}s natural linewidth. We have also demonstrated that the temperature of the gas can be determined from the line shape, providing an important tool for the study of cold trapped hydrogen. The resolution in these experiments appears to be limited by laser stability, currently 3kHz. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}