Equilibrium Adsorption Studies of Some Aromatic Pollutants from Dilute Aqueous Solutions on Activated Carbon at Different Temperatures

Aqueous solutions of phenol,p-chlorophenol, andp-nitrophenol have been used to determine the adsorption isotherm for single solute systems on activated carbon at different temperatures. The experimental program has been conducted to investigate the influence of concentration and temperature. All the reported equilibrium isotherm equations have been tried on present and published experimental data. A generalized isotherm equation which was proposed by Khanet al.(6, 10) and tested for bi-solute adsorption data has been modified for single-solute system. The temperature dependency has also been incorporated into a generalized equation. It has been noticed that the Radke and Prausnitz (7) and generalized isotherm equations could represent the entire data with a minimum average percentage error. The influence of different adsorbents, sorbate concentrations, and pH of aqueous solutions has also been discussed in detail. The temperature dependency has been investigated using both the Dubinin–Astakov (13) and the modified generalized equation. The generalized equation describes the experimental and published data adequately and provides a single value of differential molar heat of adsorption, ΔHads, for a single solute adsorption system. The Dubinin–Astakov isotherm equation has shown an increasing trend of ΔHadsas the loading of adsorbent has increased.