Longitudinal effects of single-dose simulation education with structured debriefing and verbal feedback on endotracheal suctioning knowledge and skills: A randomized controlled trial

Highlights • Insufficient knowledge and non-recommended practices were observed prior to and post ETS events both in a simulation and clinical settings. • Certain aspects of suctioning, such as assessment technique, pain management, suction pressure, shallow suctioning as well as nursing documentation and infection control practices seem to require more reinforcement than others. • The need for regularly repeated educational interventions with audio-visual or individualized performance feedback and repeated bedside demonstrations is evident.