Norovirus in feces and nasopharyngeal swab of children with and without acute gastroenteritis symptoms: First report of GI.5 in Brazil and GI.3 in nasopharyngeal swab

Highlights • This is the first investigation of norovirus in fecal and nasopharyngeal swab samples obtained from the same children. • We report positivity rates in nasopharyngeal swabs of 11.4% from symptomatic and in 6.5% from asymptomatic children. • A considerable genomic variability was found and a higher frequency of GII NoV was detected in fecal samples, when compared to GI NoV. • This is the first report of GI.3 in nasopharyngeal swab samples and also the first report of GI.5 NoV in Brazil. • Findings amplify the need to investigate the presence of NoV in respiratory tract of children with and without acute gastroenteritis symptoms.