Modified Superior-Based Pharyngeal Flap Is Effective in Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Regardless of the Preoperative Closure Pattern

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is certainly one of the most important problems confronted after cleft palate repairs. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the preoperative and postoperative speaking results of patients who underwent modified superior-based pharyngeal flap. Sixty-six children who underwent modified superiorly based pharyngeal flap for treatment of VPI between 2005 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The study population was evaluated in 2 distinctive groups depending on their preoperative velopharyngeal closure pattern as: coronal closure pattern or noncoronal closure patterns (ie, circular, sagittal with or without the presence of a Passavant ridge). The speech outcome of the patients was evaluated using the objective assessment tools of nasopharyngoscopy and nasometer. Coronal closure pattern was determined in 24 patients (36.4%) and noncoronal closure pattern in 42 patients (63.6%). The mean follow-up period was 14.67 ± 3.90 and 13.74 ± 3.53 months in the coronal and noncoronal groups, respectively. The results demonstrated that the postoperative nasalance scores of all syllables except (m) and (n) were found to be significantly lower compared to those of the preoperative period (P