Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenases inhibitions assays and histopathological study of poly-substituted 1,3,5-triazines: Confirmation of regiospecific pyrazole cyclization by HMBC

Three novel triazines series were prepared. These series are pyrazolines (4a and 4b), pyrazoles (6a, 6b and 8a-d) and isoxazoles (7a and 7b). Such series were designed as COX-2 inhibitors. All compounds were characterized by using spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. Regarding COX-2, compounds 5b, 4a and 3b were the most active with IC50 in the range of 0.55–0.87 μM. Most of synthesized compounds were relatively more potent to celecoxib (0.78 μM), diclofenac (2.94 μM) and indomethacin (7.24 μM). A molecular modeling study was performed for the most active compounds. Histopathological evaluation also was done to estimate the safety of compounds. Finally, structure elucidation of pyrazole 8 was studied by 2D NMR. [Display omitted] •New triazine analogs were designed and synthesized.•Designed compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity.•These analogs showed higher COX-2 inhibitory activity.•COX-1/COX-2 selectivity index of compounds was determined.•Histopathological study for in vivo intake of compounds was run.