Diaphyseal Femur Fractures in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Characteristics and Relationship With Bisphosphonate Treatment

ABSTRACT Several recent case reports have suggested that bisphosphonate treatment in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is causally related to atypical femur fractures. However, it is not known whether atypical femur fractures are actually more frequent in patients who have received bisphosphonates. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed 166 femur fractures in 119 children with a diagnosis of OI that had not undergone intramedullary rodding procedures. A total of 130 fractures in 90 patients occurred in femurs with preexisting deformities (age at fracture between 1 month and 19.9 years; 43 girls). Because deformities are a typical cause of fracture in OI, deformed femurs were excluded from the analysis of atypical fractures. However, it was noted that in deformed femurs a transverse fracture pattern (one of the criteria of atypical fractures) was associated with a moderate to severe OI phenotype and not related to bisphosphonate treatment. Of the 36 fractures that occurred in nondeformed femurs (30 individuals; age at fracture between 1 month and 17.4 years; 13 girls), 11 (in nine children) occurred during bisphosphonate treatment. Three of these fractures (27%) resembled atypical femur fractures. Among the 25 femur fractures (23 patients) that occurred in the absence of prior bisphosphonate treatment, 8 (22%) resembled atypical femur fractures. Logistic regression analysis showed that bisphosphonate treatment history was not associated with the occurrence of atypical fractures. In contrast, the presence of moderate to severe OI (defined as any OI type other than OI type I) was strongly associated with atypical femur fractures. Thus, we observed an atypical appearance in about a quarter of nondeformed femur fractures that occurred in children with OI. Such atypical femur fractures seemed to be related to the severity of OI rather than to bisphosphonate treatment history. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.