Enhanced regeneration potential of mobilized dental pulp stem cells from immature teeth

Objectives We have previously demonstrated that dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from mature teeth by granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐induced mobilization method can enhance angiogenesis/vasculogenesis and improve pulp regeneration when compared with colony‐derived DPSCs. However, the efficacy of this method in immature teeth with root‐formative stage has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the stemness, biological characteristics, and regeneration potential in mobilized DPSCs compared with colony‐derived DPSCs from immature teeth. Materials and methods Mobilized DPSCs isolated from immature teeth were compared to colony‐derived DPSCs using methods including flow cytometry, migration assays, mRNA expression of angiogenic/neurotrophic factor, and induced differentiation assays. They were also compared in trophic effects of the secretome. Regeneration potential was further compared in an ectopic tooth transplantation model. Results Mobilized DPSCs had higher migration ability and expressed more angiogenic/neurotrophic factors than DPSCs. The mobilized DPSC secretome produced a higher stimulatory effect on migration, immunomodulation, anti‐apoptosis, endothelial differentiation, and neurite extension. In addition, vascularization and pulp regeneration potential were higher in mobilized DPSCs than in DPSCs. Conclusions G‐CSF‐induced mobilization method enhances regeneration potential of colony‐derived DPSCs from immature teeth.