Investigation of Image Reconstruction Parameters of the Mediso nanoScan PC Small-Animal PET/CT Scanner for Two Different Positron Emitters Under NEMA NU 4-2008 Standards

Purpose The Tera-Tomo 3D image reconstruction algorithm (a version of OSEM), provided with the Mediso nanoScan® PC (PET8/2) small-animal positron emission tomograph (PET)/x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner, has various parameter options such as total level of regularization, subsets, and iterations. Also, the acquisition time in PET plays an important role. This study aims to assess the performance of this new small-animal PET/CT scanner for different acquisition times and reconstruction parameters, for 2-deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro- d -glucose ([ 18 F]FDG) and Ga-68, under the NEMA NU 4-2008 standards. Procedures Various image quality metrics were calculated for different realizations of [ 18 F]FDG and Ga-68 filled image quality (IQ) phantoms. Results [ 18 F]FDG imaging produced improved images over Ga-68. The best compromise for the optimization of all image quality factors is achieved for at least 30 min acquisition and image reconstruction with 52 iteration updates combined with a high regularization level. Conclusion A high regularization level at 52 iteration updates and 30 min acquisition time were found to optimize most of the figures of merit investigated.