The European ADHD Guidelines Group replies

Dr. Micoulaud-Franchi et al. raise concerns relating to our 2016 meta-analysis of neurofeedback as a treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is encouraging that Dr. Micoulaud-Franchi et al. agree with us that there is "an urgent need to conduct future research that associates both high quality of [randomized controlled trial] RCT and high quality of [electroencephalography] EEG-neurofeedback sessions." Consistent with this, we wrote, "Future efforts should focus on implementing standard neurofeedback protocols, ensuring learning, and optimizing clinically relevant transfer." This is in line with the significant advantage for neurofeedback demonstrated in our additional preliminary analysis of the few studies meeting such standards.