MICA Gene Deletion in 3411 DNA Samples from Five Distinct Populations in Mainland China and Lack of Association with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) in a Southern Chinese Han population

Summary Deletion of major histocompatibility complex class I chain‐related genes A (MICA*Del) was investigated in 3,411 DNA samples from two southern Chinese Han populations (Hunan Han, HNH; Guangdong Han, GDH), two northern Chinese populations (Inner Mongolia Han, IMH; Inner Mongolia Mongol, IMM) and one southeastern Chinese Han population (Fujian Han, FJH) using an in‐house polymerase chain reaction‐sequence specific priming (PCR‐SSP) assay, which enables direct discrimination between heterozygote and homozygote for MICA*Del. MICA*Del showed a frequency ranging from 0.8% in FJH to 5.7% in IMM (Pcorrected < 0.05), indicating northward increase in frequency of MICA*Del in Chinese populations. In contrast to the association reported recently in a Taiwan Chinese population and a Malaysian Chinese cohort, MICA*Del distribution did not differ between 1,120 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 1,483 normal controls in the HNH population (1.03% in NPC cases vs 1.18% in the controls, OR (95% CI) = 0.87 (0.51‐1.47), p = 0.69). Further gender‐stratified analysis also failed to disclose any male‐specific association reported in a Taiwan Chinese population. Multi‐locus typing of the 94 samples carrying MICA*Del revealed two new haplotypes, HLA‐A*11:01‐B*13:01‐MICA*Del‐MICB*009N‐DRB1*04:06 and HLA‐B*35:01‐MICA*Del‐MICB*009N‐DRB1*15:01, in addition to HLA‐B*48‐MICA*Del. Unexpectedly, two samples with MICA*Del in the HNH population were each consistently found to have two distinct MICA alleles, indicating the existence of two MICA gene copies on certain HLA haplotypes. Based on the results from a sizeable case‐control study, our data suggest that there is no association between MICA*Del and NPC in the southern Chinese Han population.