Bone development of the skull, pectoral and pelvic fins in Seriola rivoliana (Valenciennes, 1833) larvae

Skull, pectoral and pelvic fin bone structures in longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana were studied from 3.43 ± 0.15 to 16.20 ± 0.73 mm standard length (SL) specimens. The S. rivoliana skull started to mineralize with the appearance of the parasphenoid and maxillary by 3.43 ± 0.15 mm SL at the neurocranium and jaw regions, respectively. The first pectoral structure to mineralize was the cleithrum at 3.75 ± 0.14 mm SL shortly followed by the supracleithrum and posttemporal. The pelvic fin started by 6.16 ± 0.32 mm SL with the spine and continued with the soft rays and basipterygium. The present study determined the onset of the skull, pectoral and pelvic fin mineralization. These results might be used as a reference for future studies in S. rivoliana or related species.