Sound phase and amplitude fluctuations due to temperature microstructure in the upper ocean

A truncated “universal” spatial correlation function of the differential index of refraction has been derived for reasonably well-mixed water in the upper ocean. Since it is predictable from a knowledge of only the depth of the ocean experiment, it permits previously derived expressions for sound phase and amplitude fluctuations due to microstructure to be used without further changes. The predictive technique is simple, requires only a knowledge of the standard deviation of the index, and appears to work well for a large range of experimental conditions.