Antibiotics for respiratory infections during pregnancy: prevalence and risk factors

Other information captured from the computerized records included (1) age, (2) parity, (3) race/ethnicity, (4) MediCAL(Medicaid) or other State programs, (5) encounter diagnoses of comorbidities (asthma, chronic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis), (6) smoking status during pregnancy, collected from both the State birth certificates and clinic visits during pregnancy, and (7) geocoded median household income and education among residents at 25 years of age at the census block group level. Univariable modified Poisson regression was applied to compare the risks of the outcomes of interest in the years before, during, and after pregnancy. Because of the correlation among the 3 measures per person (before, during, and after pregnancy), generalized estimating equations were used to account for the clustering.1,2 The crude risk ratios (RR), their 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the P values were reported.