Intensive electrocaloric effect in triglycine sulfate under nonequilibrium thermal conditions and periodic electric field

We present the results of both direct measurements and modeling of the intensive electrocaloric effect ΔTAD in ferroelectric triglycine sulfate under nonequilibrium thermal conditions and periodically varying electric field. In the narrow region around the phase transition temperature TC, a visible difference was observed between the electrocaloric responses at applying ΔTON and removal ΔTOFF of the constant electric field: |ΔTON| < |ΔTOFF| and |ΔTON| > |ΔTOFF| at T TC, respectively. The variation of the frequency and profile of the periodic electric field at T