Large-scale atmospheric conditions during the intensification of hurricane ``Carmen'' (1974), Pt. 2, Diabatic heating rates and energy budgets

A diagnostic analysis of the energetics of the large-scale flow during the development and intensification of hurricane ``Carmen'' (1974) is presented. Data used in the study were taken during the Global Atmospheric Research Programs' (GARP) Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) and are described in a companion paper by Vincent and Waterman (1979). Kinetic energy and available potential energy budgets are calculated both in Eulerian (fixed) and quasi-Lagrangian (moving) frames of reference. Diabatic heating rates are given. Kinetic energy budget results indicate that large-scale kinetic energy is lost to smaller scales during Carmen's intensifying stage, whereas during its mature stage, large-scale motions are gaining kinetic energy at the expense of smaller-scale motions. Diabatic heating calculations yield reasonable distributions of stable latent heat release and long-wave radiative heating. Certain shortcomings are noted in the computational scheme for convective latent heat release. Boundary layer heating is insignificant. Available potential energy results indicate that energy gained as a result of diabatic heating and vertical temperature advection are balanced by a loss of energy resulting from direct thermal circulations. This gives a balance between the local rate of change of available potential energy and the change in energy caused by changes in efficiency factors.