Sortilin Deficiency Reduces Ductular Reaction, Hepatocyte Apoptosis, and Liver Fibrosis in Cholestatic-Induced Liver Injury

Sortilin, a member of the vacuolar protein sorting 10 domain receptor family, traffics newly synthesized proteins from the trans-Golgi network to secretory pathways, endosomes, and cell surface. Sortilin-trafficked molecules, including IL-6 and acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase), mediate cholangiocyte p...

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Veröffentlicht in:The American journal of pathology 2017-01, Vol.187 (1), p.122-133
Hauptverfasser: Hubel, Einav, Saroha, Ashish, Park, Woo-Jae, Pewzner-Jung, Yael, Lavoie, Elise G, Futerman, Anthony H, Bruck, Rafael, Fishman, Sigal, Dranoff, Jonathan A, Shibolet, Oren, Zvibel, Isabel
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Sortilin, a member of the vacuolar protein sorting 10 domain receptor family, traffics newly synthesized proteins from the trans-Golgi network to secretory pathways, endosomes, and cell surface. Sortilin-trafficked molecules, including IL-6 and acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase), mediate cholangiocyte proliferation and liver inflammation, hepatic stellate cell activation, hepatocyte apoptosis, and fibrosis. Based on these sortilin-regulated functions, we investigated its role in biliary damage leading to hepatocellular injury and fibrosis. Sortilin−/− mice displayed impaired inflammation and ductular reaction 3 days after bile duct ligation (BDL), as demonstrated by reduced cholangiocyte proliferation and activation and reduced serum IL-6. Interestingly, liver fibrosis was reduced in Sortilin−/− mice after both BDL and carbon tetrachloride treatment, in line with attenuated in vitro activation of Sortilin−/− hepatic stellate cells. Sortilin−/− hepatic aSMase activity was reduced in the BDL and carbon tetrachloride models and accompanied by reduced in vivo hepatocyte apoptosis. In addition, wild type (WT), but not Sortilin−/− hepatocytes, had increased aSMase-dependent susceptibility to bile acid–induced apoptosis in vitro . Mechanistically, short-term IL-6 neutralization in bile duct–ligated WT mice decreased hepatic inflammation and reactive cholangiocyte-derived cytokines and chemokines, without affecting fibrosis, whereas pharmacological inhibition of aSMase activity was not sufficient to attenuate hepatic fibrosis. Only combined IL-6 and aSMase inhibition significantly reduced fibrosis in bile duct–ligated WT mice. We conclude that sortilin regulates cholestatic liver damage and fibrosis via effects on both aSMase activity and serum IL-6.
ISSN:0002-9440
1525-2191
DOI:10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.09.005