Pollination biology of Caragana sinica (Buchoz) Rehd

The anthesis,visitors,pollinators and their behaviors,nectar secretion,breeding system of Caragana sinica(Buchoz) Rehd were investigated in Sichuan Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve. The results showed that the flowering span of single flower and the population approximately lasted 5,20 days for C. sinica( Buchoz) Rehd,respectively. Pollinator functional groups were consisited of Anthophora,Bombus,Aethopyga. According to comparing difffrent pollinators of visitation frequency and pollen deposition on stigmas,the Pyganthophora rubricus Dours and Aethopyga gouldiae were primary efficient pollinators,Bombus was secondary efficient pollinator,formicidae and Apis mellifera Linnaeus were main robbers. The largest amount of nectar secretion of bagged flowers occurred at around 16:00 in diurnal,and the maximum volume of nectar occurred in fifth day,along with anthesis; All of them with an increasing trend. There was a positivecorrelation between nectar secretion and visiting frequency. Detection of breeding system indicated that pollen-ovule ratio was about 3779 + or - 320. 9. The most suitable time of stigma receptivity happened at 2-3day after flowering. In conclusion,C. sinica( Buchoz) Rehd needed pollinators and belong to melittophilae and ornithophilous cross-pollinated.