MicroRNA‐590‐5p Stabilizes Runx2 by Targeting Smad7 During Osteoblast Differentiation

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells and their differentiation into the osteoblastic lineage is strictly controlled by several regulators, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Runx2 is a bone transcription factor required for osteoblast differentiation. Here, we used in silico analysis to identify a number of miRNAs that putatively target Runx2 and its co‐factors to mediate both positive and negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Among these miRNAs, miR‐590‐5p was selected and its expression was found to be increased during osteoblast differentiation. When mouse MSCs (mMSCs) were transiently transfected with a miR‐590‐5p mimic, we detected an increase in both calcium deposition and the mRNA expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and type I collagen genes. Smad7 was found to be among the putative target genes of miR‐590‐5p and its mRNA and protein expression decreased after miR‐590‐5p mimic transfection in human osteoblast‐like cells (MG63). Our analysis indicated that Runx2 was not a putative target of miR‐590‐5p. However, Runx2 protein, but not mRNA expression, increased after miR‐590‐5p mimic transfection in MG63 cells. Runx2 protein expression was increased with knockdown of Smad7 expression by Smad7 siRNA in these cells. We further identified that the 3′‐untranslated region of Smad7 was directly targeted by miR‐590‐5p; this was done using the luciferase reporter gene system. It is known that Smad7 inhibits osteoblast differentiation via Smurf2‐mediated Runx2 degradation. Hence, based on our results, we suggest that miR‐590‐5p promotes osteoblast differentiation by indirectly protecting and stabilizing the Runx2 protein by targeting Smad7 gene expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 371–380, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. MiR‐590‐5p promotes osteoblast differentiation by directly targeting Smad7 and indirectly protecting and stabilizing the Runx2 protein from Smurf2‐mediated degradation.