Do spinal cord-injured individuals with stronger sense of coherence use different psychological defense styles?
Objectives: Although the importance of sense of coherence (SOC) and psychological defense mechanisms (PDMs) in the process of coping has been demonstrated, it has not yet been clarified whether individuals with stronger SOC use specific PDMs. Study design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Iran. Methods: De...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Spinal cord 2016-10, Vol.54 (10), p.843-848 |
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| creator | Shakeri, J Yazdanshenas Ghazwin, M Rakizadeh, E Moshari, A Sharbatdaralaei, H Latifi, S Tavakoli, S A H |
| description | Objectives:
Although the importance of sense of coherence (SOC) and psychological defense mechanisms (PDMs) in the process of coping has been demonstrated, it has not yet been clarified whether individuals with stronger SOC use specific PDMs.
Study design:
Cross-sectional.
Setting:
Iran.
Methods:
Demographic and injury-related variables including injury level, time since injury, American Spinal Cord Association (ASIA) Scale and Spinal cord independence measure-III were collected among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). SOC was assessed by the Short-form Sense of Coherence Scale. PDMs were identified using 40-version of the Defense Style Questionnaire.
Results:
Neurotic defense style was the most commonly used style especially. The overall most commonly used PDM was ‘rationalization’, which was used by 95%. Individuals with stronger SOC used more mature style (
P
=0.001,
r
=0.52), particularly ‘humor’ and ‘suppression’ mechanisms (
P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sc.2015.213 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1837305474</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>4206992661</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-e2bea6fc311d4fc1d818909c24e0d3a1746f0b8b19d91cf1e27be691b937af603</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkU2r1DAUhoMo3g9duZeAG0E75iRp2qxErp9wwY2uS5uc3MnQacac9sr8e1PnKiIuXOXryXvgfRh7AmIDQrWvyG2kgHojQd1j56AbU9VG6vtlr4ystLLqjF0Q7YQQFmz7kJ1JY6Rom_qcpbeJ0yFO_chdyr6K027J6HmcfLyNfulH4t_jvOU05zTdYOaEEyFPofBbzDg55Eu58DGE9TjzAx3dNo3pJrqS6jH8_EDzcUR6_Yg9CCUTH9-tl-zr-3dfrj5W158_fLp6c105LfVcoRywN8EpAK-DA99Ca4V1UqPwqodGmyCGdgDrLbgAKJsBjYXBqqYPRqhL9vyUe8jp24I0d_tIDsexnzAt1EGrGiVq3ej_QEtdujS9os_-QndpyaW8E1WDaqwp1IsT5XIiyhi6Q477Ph87EN2qrCPXrcq6oqzQT-8yl2GP_jf7y1EBXp4AKk-rgj-G_iPvB1GXoJ4</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1826513796</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Do spinal cord-injured individuals with stronger sense of coherence use different psychological defense styles?</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><creator>Shakeri, J ; Yazdanshenas Ghazwin, M ; Rakizadeh, E ; Moshari, A ; Sharbatdaralaei, H ; Latifi, S ; Tavakoli, S A H</creator><creatorcontrib>Shakeri, J ; Yazdanshenas Ghazwin, M ; Rakizadeh, E ; Moshari, A ; Sharbatdaralaei, H ; Latifi, S ; Tavakoli, S A H</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives:
Although the importance of sense of coherence (SOC) and psychological defense mechanisms (PDMs) in the process of coping has been demonstrated, it has not yet been clarified whether individuals with stronger SOC use specific PDMs.
Study design:
Cross-sectional.
Setting:
Iran.
Methods:
Demographic and injury-related variables including injury level, time since injury, American Spinal Cord Association (ASIA) Scale and Spinal cord independence measure-III were collected among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). SOC was assessed by the Short-form Sense of Coherence Scale. PDMs were identified using 40-version of the Defense Style Questionnaire.
Results:
Neurotic defense style was the most commonly used style especially. The overall most commonly used PDM was ‘rationalization’, which was used by 95%. Individuals with stronger SOC used more mature style (
P
=0.001,
r
=0.52), particularly ‘humor’ and ‘suppression’ mechanisms (
P
<0.0001 and 0.024, respectively). There was a negative correlation between stronger SOC and the use of immature defenses including passive aggression (
P=
0.001,
r
=−0.51), acting out (
P=
0.001,
r
=−0.48), isolation (
P
=0.009,
r
=−0.50), autistic fantasy (
P
=0.010,
r
=−0.30) and somatization (
P
<0.0001,
r
=−0.62). Married individuals had significantly stronger SOC (
P=
0.01). Age, gender, age at the time of injury incidence, time since injury, ASIA score and cause of injury were not determinants of SOC.
Conclusion:
In this study, PDMs, which are more probable to be used by individuals with stronger SOC, have been identified. Mature defenses including ‘humor’ and ‘suppression’ are used by stronger SOC more often, whereas immature mechanisms are less likely to be used.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1362-4393</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5624</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.213</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26620875</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SPCOFM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/308/174 ; 692/617 ; Adaptation, Psychological - physiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anatomy ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Defense Mechanisms ; Female ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Iran ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurochemistry ; Neuropsychology ; Neurosciences ; original-article ; Retrospective Studies ; Sense of Coherence ; Spinal Cord Injuries - psychology ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Spinal cord, 2016-10, Vol.54 (10), p.843-848</ispartof><rights>International Spinal Cord Society 2016</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Oct 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-e2bea6fc311d4fc1d818909c24e0d3a1746f0b8b19d91cf1e27be691b937af603</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-e2bea6fc311d4fc1d818909c24e0d3a1746f0b8b19d91cf1e27be691b937af603</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/sc.2015.213$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/sc.2015.213$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26620875$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shakeri, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yazdanshenas Ghazwin, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rakizadeh, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moshari, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharbatdaralaei, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latifi, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tavakoli, S A H</creatorcontrib><title>Do spinal cord-injured individuals with stronger sense of coherence use different psychological defense styles?</title><title>Spinal cord</title><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><description>Objectives:
Although the importance of sense of coherence (SOC) and psychological defense mechanisms (PDMs) in the process of coping has been demonstrated, it has not yet been clarified whether individuals with stronger SOC use specific PDMs.
Study design:
Cross-sectional.
Setting:
Iran.
Methods:
Demographic and injury-related variables including injury level, time since injury, American Spinal Cord Association (ASIA) Scale and Spinal cord independence measure-III were collected among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). SOC was assessed by the Short-form Sense of Coherence Scale. PDMs were identified using 40-version of the Defense Style Questionnaire.
Results:
Neurotic defense style was the most commonly used style especially. The overall most commonly used PDM was ‘rationalization’, which was used by 95%. Individuals with stronger SOC used more mature style (
P
=0.001,
r
=0.52), particularly ‘humor’ and ‘suppression’ mechanisms (
P
<0.0001 and 0.024, respectively). There was a negative correlation between stronger SOC and the use of immature defenses including passive aggression (
P=
0.001,
r
=−0.51), acting out (
P=
0.001,
r
=−0.48), isolation (
P
=0.009,
r
=−0.50), autistic fantasy (
P
=0.010,
r
=−0.30) and somatization (
P
<0.0001,
r
=−0.62). Married individuals had significantly stronger SOC (
P=
0.01). Age, gender, age at the time of injury incidence, time since injury, ASIA score and cause of injury were not determinants of SOC.
Conclusion:
In this study, PDMs, which are more probable to be used by individuals with stronger SOC, have been identified. Mature defenses including ‘humor’ and ‘suppression’ are used by stronger SOC more often, whereas immature mechanisms are less likely to be used.</description><subject>692/308/174</subject><subject>692/617</subject><subject>Adaptation, Psychological - physiology</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anatomy</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Defense Mechanisms</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Iran</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neurochemistry</subject><subject>Neuropsychology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>original-article</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Sense of Coherence</subject><subject>Spinal Cord Injuries - psychology</subject><subject>Statistics, Nonparametric</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1362-4393</issn><issn>1476-5624</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU2r1DAUhoMo3g9duZeAG0E75iRp2qxErp9wwY2uS5uc3MnQacac9sr8e1PnKiIuXOXryXvgfRh7AmIDQrWvyG2kgHojQd1j56AbU9VG6vtlr4ystLLqjF0Q7YQQFmz7kJ1JY6Rom_qcpbeJ0yFO_chdyr6K027J6HmcfLyNfulH4t_jvOU05zTdYOaEEyFPofBbzDg55Eu58DGE9TjzAx3dNo3pJrqS6jH8_EDzcUR6_Yg9CCUTH9-tl-zr-3dfrj5W158_fLp6c105LfVcoRywN8EpAK-DA99Ca4V1UqPwqodGmyCGdgDrLbgAKJsBjYXBqqYPRqhL9vyUe8jp24I0d_tIDsexnzAt1EGrGiVq3ej_QEtdujS9os_-QndpyaW8E1WDaqwp1IsT5XIiyhi6Q477Ph87EN2qrCPXrcq6oqzQT-8yl2GP_jf7y1EBXp4AKk-rgj-G_iPvB1GXoJ4</recordid><startdate>20161001</startdate><enddate>20161001</enddate><creator>Shakeri, J</creator><creator>Yazdanshenas Ghazwin, M</creator><creator>Rakizadeh, E</creator><creator>Moshari, A</creator><creator>Sharbatdaralaei, H</creator><creator>Latifi, S</creator><creator>Tavakoli, S A H</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20161001</creationdate><title>Do spinal cord-injured individuals with stronger sense of coherence use different psychological defense styles?</title><author>Shakeri, J ; Yazdanshenas Ghazwin, M ; Rakizadeh, E ; Moshari, A ; Sharbatdaralaei, H ; Latifi, S ; Tavakoli, S A H</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-e2bea6fc311d4fc1d818909c24e0d3a1746f0b8b19d91cf1e27be691b937af603</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>692/308/174</topic><topic>692/617</topic><topic>Adaptation, Psychological - physiology</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anatomy</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Defense Mechanisms</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Iran</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neurochemistry</topic><topic>Neuropsychology</topic><topic>Neurosciences</topic><topic>original-article</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Sense of Coherence</topic><topic>Spinal Cord Injuries - psychology</topic><topic>Statistics, Nonparametric</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shakeri, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yazdanshenas Ghazwin, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rakizadeh, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moshari, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharbatdaralaei, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latifi, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tavakoli, S A H</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Spinal cord</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shakeri, J</au><au>Yazdanshenas Ghazwin, M</au><au>Rakizadeh, E</au><au>Moshari, A</au><au>Sharbatdaralaei, H</au><au>Latifi, S</au><au>Tavakoli, S A H</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Do spinal cord-injured individuals with stronger sense of coherence use different psychological defense styles?</atitle><jtitle>Spinal cord</jtitle><stitle>Spinal Cord</stitle><addtitle>Spinal Cord</addtitle><date>2016-10-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>843</spage><epage>848</epage><pages>843-848</pages><issn>1362-4393</issn><eissn>1476-5624</eissn><coden>SPCOFM</coden><abstract>Objectives:
Although the importance of sense of coherence (SOC) and psychological defense mechanisms (PDMs) in the process of coping has been demonstrated, it has not yet been clarified whether individuals with stronger SOC use specific PDMs.
Study design:
Cross-sectional.
Setting:
Iran.
Methods:
Demographic and injury-related variables including injury level, time since injury, American Spinal Cord Association (ASIA) Scale and Spinal cord independence measure-III were collected among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). SOC was assessed by the Short-form Sense of Coherence Scale. PDMs were identified using 40-version of the Defense Style Questionnaire.
Results:
Neurotic defense style was the most commonly used style especially. The overall most commonly used PDM was ‘rationalization’, which was used by 95%. Individuals with stronger SOC used more mature style (
P
=0.001,
r
=0.52), particularly ‘humor’ and ‘suppression’ mechanisms (
P
<0.0001 and 0.024, respectively). There was a negative correlation between stronger SOC and the use of immature defenses including passive aggression (
P=
0.001,
r
=−0.51), acting out (
P=
0.001,
r
=−0.48), isolation (
P
=0.009,
r
=−0.50), autistic fantasy (
P
=0.010,
r
=−0.30) and somatization (
P
<0.0001,
r
=−0.62). Married individuals had significantly stronger SOC (
P=
0.01). Age, gender, age at the time of injury incidence, time since injury, ASIA score and cause of injury were not determinants of SOC.
Conclusion:
In this study, PDMs, which are more probable to be used by individuals with stronger SOC, have been identified. Mature defenses including ‘humor’ and ‘suppression’ are used by stronger SOC more often, whereas immature mechanisms are less likely to be used.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>26620875</pmid><doi>10.1038/sc.2015.213</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1362-4393 |
| ispartof | Spinal cord, 2016-10, Vol.54 (10), p.843-848 |
| issn | 1362-4393 1476-5624 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1837305474 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | 692/308/174 692/617 Adaptation, Psychological - physiology Adolescent Adult Anatomy Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Child Cross-Sectional Studies Defense Mechanisms Female Human Physiology Humans Iran Male Middle Aged Neurochemistry Neuropsychology Neurosciences original-article Retrospective Studies Sense of Coherence Spinal Cord Injuries - psychology Statistics, Nonparametric Young Adult |
| title | Do spinal cord-injured individuals with stronger sense of coherence use different psychological defense styles? |
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