Nucleosome Spacing-The Baggage Tag for Cell-Free DNA

The biological information in the cell is a 3-dimensional layer of variations consisting of unique combinations of DNA sequences (polymorphism, mutation), DNA modifications (methylation), proteins bound (transcription factors), their modifications (acetylation, methylation), and RNA bound (R-loops)." "Large, international prospective studies are needed with exploration of cfDNA as well as RNA in presymptomatic healthy individuals in their forties, long term follow-up, and the use of multiple genome-wide assays that address each layer of biological information."