Silver-Impregnated Occlusive Dressing Reduces Rates of Acute Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Commercial silver-impregnated occlusive dressings (such as Aquacel Ag Surgical wound dressing) have been touted as antimicrobial dressings to be used following total joint arthroplasty. Given the increased cost of an Aquacel dressing over a standard dressing for total joint arthroplasty, the objective of this study was to determine whether Aquacel surgical dressing is effective in reducing the rates of acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) compared to standard sterile dressing. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 1173 consecutive patients who underwent a total knee or total hip arthroplasty between 2007 and 2015 by 1 surgeon. The surgeon switched from using a standard xeroform/gauze dressing to an Aquacel dressing in June 2011, with no other major changes in antimicrobial management. Charts were reviewed for evidence of acute PJI (within 3 months of surgery). Results There were a total of 11 cases of acute PJI in this patient cohort (0.94%). The incidence of acute PJI for patients managed with a sterile xeroform dressing was 1.58% (9 of 568 patients), compared to 0.33% (2 of 605 patients) with the use of Aquacel dressing. Univariate analysis showed this to be statistically significant ( P = .03), and a multiple logistic regression model supported Aquacel surgical dressing as a protective factor with an odds ratio of 0.092 (95% confidence interval, 0.017-0.490; P = .005). Conclusion This 4-fold decrease in acute PJI with the use of Aquacel dressing supports the use of silver-impregnated occlusive dressings for the reduction of acute PJI.