Robotic Radical Hysterectomy After Concomitant Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Prospective Phase II Study

Abstract Study Objective To assess the feasibility of total robotic radical surgery (TRRS) in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) who receive chemoradiation therapy (CT/RT). Design A prospective (preplanned) study of a nonrandomized controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification level 2). Setting Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Rome, Italy. Patients Between September 2013 and January 2016, a total of 40 patients with LACC (Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique stage IB2–III) were enrolled in the study. Interventions Robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH) plus pelvic and/or aortic lymphadenectomy was attempted within 6 weeks after CT/RT. The feasibility of TRRS as well as the rate, pattern, and severity of early and late postoperative complications were analyzed. Measurements and Main Results After CT/RT, 29 patients (72.5%) underwent type B2 RRH, and 11 (27.5%) underwent type C1 RRH. Pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in all cases. TRRS was successful in 39 of 40 cases (feasibility rate = 97.5%). In patients successfully completing TRRS, the median operating time was 185 minutes (range, 100–330 minutes), and the median blood loss was 100 mL (range, 50–300 mL). The median time of hospitalization counted from the first postoperative day was 2 days (range, 1–4 days). No intraoperative complications were recorded. During the observation period (median = 18 months; range, 4–28 months), 9 of 40 (22.5%) experienced postoperative complications, for a total number of 12 complications. As of April 2016, recurrence of disease was documented in 5 cases (12.5%). Conclusion TRRS is feasible in LACC patients administered preoperative CT/RT, providing perioperative outcomes comparable with those registered in early-stage disease, and LACC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.